Rolando’s Fissure: Characteristics And Areas Surrounding It
The brain is the most relevant set of organs we have, since it governs the functioning of the entire organism in such a way that we can stay alive. If we look at it from the outside, the first thing we can see is the cerebral cortex, a compact region full of wrinkles and folds These folds form convolutions or gyri, as well as grooves and grooves. Among the latter, there are two that stand out especially and that allow us to differentiate different lobes: the Silvian fissure and the Rolando fissure.
In this article Let’s focus on Rolando’s fissure to analyze what it is and its importance, as well as what regions surround it and some disorders that can arise or that generate relevant effects on it.
Rolando’s fissure is, along with Silvio’s, one of the most relevant and visible fissures, grooves or crevices of the cerebral cortex. Also called central sulcus This fissure runs vertically separating the frontal and parietal lobes and with it, at a functional level, the motor (Brodmann area 4) and primary somatosensory cortices (Brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3).
This cleft It is also surrounded by the precentral and postcentral gyri and it is found bilaterally, that is, this sulcus appears in both cerebral hemispheres. It appears in the central part of the brain and practically reaches the Sylvian fissure, being separated from it by one of the opercula.
In addition to making this separation, it has been speculated that in the brain matter that makes up the Rolando fissure there could be a certain association between motor and sensory information, in such a way that it would act as a bridge and contribute to integrating both types of information.
Development
This fissure, similar to that of Silvio, It is formed early during fetal development Specifically, it begins to be seen through magnetic resonance imaging from the twenty-eighth week of gestation (although from the twenty-sixth it can already be guessed in some cases), appearing from the parietal areas and becoming increasingly visible and deep as the brain develops.
Disorders and problems linked to Rolando’s fissure
The Rolando or central fissure is one of the most visible in the entire human brain and allows us to make a separation between the frontal and parietal lobes, two of the most relevant brain regions. But the Rolando fissure sometimes does not appear or can be involved or affected by various problems. Some of them are the following.
1. Lissencephaly
Lissencephaly, which can occur completely or incompletely, is a disorder in which throughout fetal development no or few folds, gyri, and sulci form in the brain It is a problem that can generate repercussions of various kinds, leading to the death of the fetus or baby in a few years and generating alterations such as cardiorespiratory difficulties or seizures. Occasionally, boys and girls with this disorder may not present symptoms, but it is not common.
2. Strokes
The rupture of blood vessels or suffering from ischemia can affect the areas surrounding Rolando’s fissure and even flood it. This would generate various problems that could end up affecting the performance of movements and/or the capture of tactile sensations.
Epilepsy is a disorder in which one or several groups of neurons become hyperexcitable to stimulation and end up generating seizures. Rolandic epilepsy is one of the types of epilepsy that exist being one of the most frequent and typical of childhood.
The crisis does not cause loss of consciousness, and stands out for starting with tingling that ends up becoming inability to control the face and extremities, suffering uncontrollable shaking in these areas and making him unable to speak. It is a type of generally benign epilepsy that appears during sleep or in the morning, and is generated by hyperexcitability of neurons located in Rolando’s fissure
4. Tumors
The existence of different Types of brain tumors can cause alterations in the physiognomy of the brain including the displacement of fissures such as Rolando’s and the destruction of neurons present in their depths or in surrounding areas.
