Lateral and Vertical Thinking: Differences, Characteristics and Examples

To this day, teaching has encouraged us to develop the formulations of our thinking around the axis of vertical thinking, also known as logical thinking. Vertical thinking is linear thinking that follows an already defined path, using already existing ideas or knowledge, such as, for example, when we want to solve a mathematical problem, we use established formulas, following the steps required to solve the exercise.

However, Edward de Bono in 1967 introduced the concept of lateral thinking, in order to introduce the mental processes of creativity, ingenuity and insight in the elaboration of our thoughts, to be able to observe how reality looks from different angles and to be able to restructure and change the ideas already learned.

Problem-solving often involves different approaches, with lateral and vertical thinking being two widely recognized methods. While vertical thinking focuses on logic and step-by-step processes, lateral thinking emphasizes creativity and innovation. Let’s dive into the differences, characteristics, and examples of these thinking styles to understand their unique contributions.

In this article in PsychologyFor, we are going to help you understand the need and usefulness of using the lateral and vertical thinking: differences, characteristics and examples from each of them.

What is Lateral Thinking?

Lateral thinking is a problem-solving approach that involves creativity and unconventional methods. It encourages looking at challenges from new perspectives rather than following traditional, logical steps.

What is vertical thinking? Vertical or logical thinking is the type of thinking that places emphasis on logical sequential chaining and correctness of ideas, that is, for its correct functioning, the steps followed to reach the correct solution are very important, so that the direction of thought is clearly defined, revealing a solution. Furthermore, they start from ideas or prior knowledge that have already been validated solutions that have already proven effective.

This way of structuring our thoughts is very useful in certain fields, such as in mathematics and science. For example, when trying to solve a mathematical problem a certain sequence must be followed; altering the steps produces an alteration of the correct solution. If we try to solve a simple mathematical operation like 25 + 4 / 2, the result differs if we alternate the steps.

Characteristics of Lateral Thinking

Creativity-Focused

Lateral thinking thrives on imaginative and out-of-the-box ideas that go beyond standard solutions.

Non-Linear Approach

It does not follow a sequential or logical order, often jumping between ideas to find innovative solutions.

Challenging Assumptions

This thinking style questions established norms and assumptions, paving the way for alternative perspectives.

Encourages Experimentation

Lateral thinkers often experiment with multiple ideas, embracing failure as part of the creative process.

An example of a riddle of lateral thinking simple would be the following:

“There are months of the year that have 31 days, others only 30. How many have 28 days?”

Let’s think about the answer, before reading the solution!

If what you have thought is one, thinking about the month of February, the answer is incorrect. This response is typical of vertical thinking, which we tend to use with logical argumentation. However, all months of the year have 28 days. This response is typical of lateral thinking, which contemplates all the existing possibilities and associations, thus promoting our ingenuity. Here you can see other lateral or divergent thinking exercises, examples and puzzles.

6 differences between vertical and lateral thinking

Below are the six main differences between vertical and lateral thinking.

The importance of the process to follow.

In lateral thinking, what matters is the effectiveness of the conclusion, without giving importance to whether the paths followed to reach this conclusion are correct, since it considers them all. On the other hand, vertical thinking to reach the correct solution, the most important thing is how the ideas are chained to reach said conclusion.

The objective of the process

As a result of the previous difference, vertical thinking seeks to reach a solution through a single previously defined direction. On the contrary, lateral thinking does not seek to follow a direction to reach a solution, it moves to develop a new direction, it seeks a restructuring of ideas, change.

Respect for established steps

The correct functioning of vertical thinking implies a sequencing of ideas, the already established steps must be followed to reach the correct solution and skipping steps alters the answer, each step is dependent on the previous one. Lateral thinking can skip steps, make jumps, the sequence of these does not matter. So, the validity of the solution does not depend on whether the path has been correct, importance is given to the creation of the new conclusion.

Relationship with other topics

In vertical thinking, approaches that do not seem to be related to the topic being worked on are not taken into account. In lateral thinking, all options are considered, although these may seem unrelated to the context on which one is working, since, as The smaller the relationship with the already established idea, the more possibilities there are of establishing new concepts.

The mission

Vertical thinking is governed by evidence, while lateral thinking seeks to find the least obvious approaches.

The solution

The objective of vertical thinking is to reach a solution, always having a minimum solution. On the other hand, lateral thinking does not always guarantee that a solution can be found, but it increases the chance of finding a better solution.

In summary, we could say that the two thoughts are opposite operating models. However, neither is more effective than the other, both are necessary in different areas of application and even complementary on many occasions.

Examples of Lateral Thinking

• Using a smartphone camera to scan documents, replacing traditional scanners.
• Rebranding a struggling product to appeal to a new audience rather than improving its current features.

What is Vertical Thinking?

Vertical thinking is a logical, step-by-step process used to analyze problems systematically. It relies on established knowledge, structure, and reason to arrive at solutions.

Characteristics of Vertical Thinking

Logical and Sequential

Vertical thinking follows a structured path, moving from one step to the next in a logical sequence.

Fact-Based

Decisions and conclusions are based on concrete evidence and facts rather than intuition or creativity.

Focused on Accuracy

It prioritizes finding the “right” answer by eliminating errors and ensuring precision.

Rule-Oriented

Vertical thinking adheres strictly to guidelines, rules, or processes.

Examples of Vertical Thinking

• Solving mathematical equations using established formulas.
• Writing a detailed business plan based on data and proven strategies.

In addition to vertical and lateral thinking, there are other types of thinking according to psychology.

How Lateral and Vertical Thinking Complement Each Other

Both thinking styles can be used together to maximize problem-solving efficiency. For example:

• Innovation with Structure: Lateral thinking can generate creative ideas, which vertical thinking refines into actionable plans.
• Balanced Decision-Making: Combining the two ensures that solutions are both imaginative and practical.

When to Use Lateral Thinking

Creative Brainstorming

Lateral thinking is perfect for generating new ideas during brainstorming sessions.

Overcoming Stagnation

When traditional methods fail, lateral thinking offers fresh approaches.

Breaking Norms

It’s ideal for industries that thrive on innovation, such as tech or design.

When to Use Vertical Thinking

Data Analysis

Vertical thinking excels in analyzing data or solving logical problems.

Project Planning

It’s the go-to approach for creating detailed, step-by-step plans.

Risk Assessment

Vertical thinking is critical for making decisions based on facts and minimizing risks.

Famous Examples of Lateral Thinking

Apple’s iPod Development

Apple revolutionized music consumption by combining existing technologies in a new way.

Post-it Notes Creation

The invention of Post-it Notes was a result of a failed adhesive experiment, later reimagined as a practical solution.

Famous Examples of Vertical Thinking

NASA’s Apollo Missions

NASA’s engineers meticulously calculated every detail to ensure the success of space missions.

Legal Decision-Making

Lawyers use vertical thinking to construct arguments based on evidence and legal precedents.

Challenges of Lateral and Vertical Thinking

Lateral Thinking

• Requires time and open-mindedness.
• May produce impractical ideas without proper refinement.

Vertical Thinking

• Can stifle creativity by focusing too heavily on established methods.
• Limited flexibility in solving unconventional problems.

How to Develop Lateral Thinking Skills

Practice Brainstorming

Engage in activities that encourage free-flowing ideas without judgment.

Challenge Assumptions

Question the status quo to open new avenues of thought.

Think from Different Perspectives

Adopt various viewpoints to uncover fresh insights.

How to Develop Vertical Thinking Skills

Focus on Logical Reasoning

Practice problem-solving tasks that require step-by-step analysis.

Use Data Effectively

Rely on evidence and factual information to support conclusions.

Prioritize Structure

Organize thoughts systematically to reach precise solutions.

Lateral and vertical thinking represent two distinct yet complementary problem-solving methods. Lateral thinking brings creativity and innovation, while vertical thinking ensures logic and precision. Mastering both can empower individuals to tackle challenges from all angles, achieving well-rounded and effective solutions.

FAQs about lateral and vertical thinking

What is the main difference between lateral and vertical thinking?

Lateral thinking focuses on creativity and innovation, while vertical thinking emphasizes logic and structured problem-solving.

Can a person use both lateral and vertical thinking?

Yes, combining both approaches can enhance problem-solving by blending creativity with logic.

Which fields benefit most from lateral thinking?

Fields like technology, marketing, and design thrive on lateral thinking due to their need for innovation.

Is lateral thinking better than vertical thinking?

Neither is better; their effectiveness depends on the context and the problem being addressed.

How can I improve my lateral thinking skills?

Engage in creative activities, question assumptions, and practice brainstorming to enhance lateral thinking.

This article is merely informative, at PsychologyFor we do not have the power to make a diagnosis or recommend a treatment. We invite you to go to a psychologist to treat your particular case.

If you want to read more articles similar to Lateral and vertical thinking: differences, characteristics and examples we recommend that you enter our Cognitive Psychology category.

Bibliography

• Allueva, P. (2002). Development of creativity: design and evaluation of an intervention program. Persona Magazine 5, 67-81.
• Allueva, P. (2004). Development of creative thinking in the university environment. YEARBOOK OF PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY, 7, 117-130.
• De Bono, E. (1986). lateral thinking.. Creativity manual. Buenos Aires: Paidòs Ibérica.
• Sánchez, L. The inflection between vertical thinking and lateral thinking.