%20and%20Samuel%20Taylor%20Coleridge%20(1772-1834),%20two%20of%20the%20most%20important%20poets%20of%20the%20dawn%20of%20English%20Romanticism.%20If%20this%20first%20publication%20is%20considered%20a%20milestone%20in%20the%20history%20of%20literature%20(as%20many%20consider%20it%20to%20be%20the%20starting%20signal%20for%20the%20romantic%20literary%20movement%20in%20England),%20even%20more%20so%20is%20its%20second%20edition,%20which%20was%20published%20in%201800%20and%20includes%20the%20famous%20Wordsworth%E2%80%99s%20prologue,%20where%20the%20characteristics%20of%20this%20%E2%80%9Cnew%20way%20of%20doing%20poetry%E2%80%9D%20are%20presented%20and%20which%20many%20authors%20consider%20the%20foundational%20romantic%20%E2%80%9Cmanifesto.%E2%80%9D</p>%0A<p>In%20reality,%20and%20as%20we%20will%20see,%20the%20outpouring%20of%20emotions%20as%20a%20furious%20response%20to%20the%20empire%20of%20enlightened%20reason%20had%20already%20appeared%20some%20years%20before,%20in%20Germany,%20framed%20in%20the%20current%20of%20<em>Sturm%20und%20Drang</em>%20(Storm%20and%20momentum).%20Goethe%E2%80%99s%20Werther,%20still%20an%20epistolary%20novel%20(in%20the%20style%20of%20eighteenth-century%20literature),%20but%20already%20absolutely%20romantic,%20had%20seen%20the%20light%20in%201774.%20On%20the%20other%20hand,%20his%20Prometheus,%20a%20poem%20that%20illustrates%20the%20struggle%20between%20individual%20genius%20and%20the%20tyranny%20of%20the%20Society%20(with%20such%20decidedly%20romantic%20echoes)%20had%20been%20published%20in%201785,%20more%20than%20a%20decade%20before%20the%20<em>Balads</em>%20of%20Wordsworth%20and%20Coleridge.</p>%0A<p>As%20always,%20it%20is%20difficult%20to%20establish%20when%20a%20movement%20begins%20and%20when%20it%20ends.%20In%20case%20of%20<strong>the%20literature%20of%20Romanticism%20</strong>%20is%20not%20an%20exception,%20although%20we%20can%20affirm%20that,%20in%20many%20places%20in%20Europe,%20it%20preceded%20pictorial%20Romanticism%20and%20laid%20the%20foundations%20that%20would%20later%20become%20fundamental%20pillars%20of%20the%20romantic%20artist%20par%20excellence:%20individuality,%20contact%20with%20nature,%20nostalgia%20for%20a%20totally%20idealized%20past%20and,%20of%20course,%20the%20torrential%20flow%20of%20emotions.</p>%0A<h2>What%20are%20the%20characteristics%20of%20Romanticism%20</p>%0A<h4>References:</h4>%0A<p>?</h2>%0A<p>At%20the%20end%20of%20the%2018th%20century,%20the%20Enlightenment%20is%20obsolete%20in%20many%20regions%20of%20Europe.%20In%20some,%20such%20as%20the%20German-speaking%20territories,%20it%20has%20barely%20made%20a%20dent%20in%20the%20hearts%20of%20artists%20and%20intellectuals.%20In%20northern%20Europe,%20therefore,%20a%20new%20way%20of%20seeing%20and%20feeling%20the%20world%20is%20beginning%20to%20take%20shape.%20<strong>Is%20he%20<em>Sturm%20und%20Drang</em>the%20germ%20of%20Romanticism%20</strong>%20</p>%0A<p>The%20romantic%20movement%20is,%20broadly%20speaking,%20a%20forceful%20reaction%20against%20the%20empire%20of%20reason%20and%20science.%20In%20England,%20a%20country%20where%20pre-romantic%20manifestations%20run%20parallel%20to%20those%20in%20Germany,%20the%20Industrial%20Revolution%20is%20in%20full%20swing%20and,%20with%20it,%20the%20unstoppable%20progress%20of%20empiricism.%20In%20fact,%20since%20the%2017th%20century%20we%20have%20found%20in%20the%20British%20Isles%20an%20important%20scientific%20perspective%20of%20reality,%20led%20by%20intellectuals%20such%20as%20Isaac%20Newton%20or%20David%20Hume,%20and%20whose%20roots%20can%20be%20traced%20to%20the%20so-called%20%E2%80%9CEnglish%20empiricism%E2%80%9D%20that%20emerged%20in%20the%2014th%20century%20at%20the%20hands%20of%20from%20the%20University%20of%20Oxford.</p>%0A<p>In%20other%20words,%20<strong>In%20England%20the%20field%20is%20perfectly%20fertile%20for%20the%20emergence%20of%20a%20reaction%20against%20the%20%E2%80%9Ctyranny%E2%80%9D%20of%20science%20and%20progress%20</strong>%20In%20fact,%20one%20of%20the%20fundamental%20works%20of%20Romanticism%20is%20Frankenstein%20or%20the%20modern%20Prometheus,%20by%20Mary%20Shelley,%20a%20novel%20where%20the%20reader%20is%20questioned%20about%20the%20dangers%20of%20the%20excessive%20advancement%20of%20science.%20In%20Germany,%20the%20causes%20are%20more%20of%20a%20nationalist%20nature;%20Transcendental%20events%20such%20as%20the%20French%20Revolution%20and%20the%20war%20sweep%20to%20which%20Napoleon%20subjected%20the%20European%20continent%20fostered%20the%20birth%20of%20patriotic%20sentiment,%20which%20made%20German%20intellectuals%20look%20for%20a%20common%20root%20in%20the%20past%20(and%20which%20will,%20on%20the%20other%20hand,%20be%20an%20essential%20characteristic%20of%20the%20Romanticism).</p>%0A<p>Thus,%20we%20have%20that%20the%20first%20romantic%20authors,%20both%20German%20and%20English,%20base%20their%20theories%20on%20a%20protest.%20From%20there,%20they%20elevate%20subjectivity%20as%20an%20essential%20pillar%20on%20which%20to%20build%20their%20work.%20This%20subjectivity%20is%20what%20will%20give%20way%20to%20the%20image%20of%20the%20%E2%80%9Ctormented%20artist%E2%80%9D,%20the%20typical%20genius%20of%20Romanticism%20whom%20society%20does%20not%20understand,%20and%20who%20takes%20refuge,%20dismayed,%20in%20his%20literature%20and%20in%20the%20darkest%20depths%20of%20his%20soul.%20The%20poetry%20of%20this%20time%20will,%20therefore%20(and%20as%20Wordsworth%20states%20in%20his%20famous%20prologue)%20an%20absolutely%20subjective%20expression%20of%20the%20world.%20On%20the%20other%20hand,%20Nature%20(thus,%20with%20capital%20letters)%20<strong>It%20will%20be%20for%20the%20romantic%20artist%20the%20uncorrupted%20world%20to%20which%20he%20can%20retreat%20to%20find%20truth%20and%20inspiration%20</strong>%20Artistic%20creation,%20therefore,%20is%20no%20longer%20based%20on%20work,%20but%20on%20creative%20outbursts,%20the%20result%20of%20moments%20of%20feverish%20inspiration%20in%20which%20the%20artist%20comes%20into%20contact%20with%20the%20Sublime.</p>%0A<ul>%0A</ul>%0A<h3>romantic%20poetry</h3>%0A<p>Since%20the%20main%20characteristic%20of%20literary%20Romanticism%20is%20subjectivity,%20the%20poetic%20genre%20is%20its%20main%20vehicle%20of%20transmission.%20The%20romantic%20writer%20feels%20comfortable%20with%20lyrics,%20since%20it%20allows%20him%20to%20openly%20express%20his%20deepest%20passions%20and%20his%20darkest%20desires.</p>%0A<p>We%20have%20already%20said%20how,%20in%20England,%20the%20founding%20%E2%80%9Ccanonical%E2%80%9D%20text%20of%20literary%20Romanticism%20is%20the%20<em>Balads</em>%20of%20Wordsworth%20and%20Coleridge,%20but%20we%20cannot%20forget%20another%20of%20the%20great%20English%20romantics:%20George%20Gordon%20Byron%20(1788-1824),%20better%20known%20as%20Lord%20Byron.%20His%20stormy%20existence%20earned%20him%20the%20reputation%20of%20being%20an%20enfant%20terrible%20and%20places%20him%20on%20the%20list%20of%20precursors%20of%20the%20cursed%20poets%20of%20the%2019th%20century.%20<strong>Some%20characteristics%20indisputably%20linked%20to%20Romanticism%20and%20the%20figure%20of%20the%20misunderstood%20artist%20expelled%20from%20society%20</strong>%20whose%20ending%20is%20worthy%20of%20any%20self-respecting%20romantic%20figure:%20he%20died%20fighting%20for%20the%20independence%20of%20Greece,%20in%20a%20war%20that,%20strictly%20speaking,%20did%20not%20benefit%20him%20at%20all.</p>%0A<figure><center><img%20decoding=)
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