Nativism: What Is This Ideology And What Consequences Does It Have?
In an increasingly globalized world like ours, in which borders seem to be blurred (always for the most privileged) and cultural diversity is increasingly evident (despite the closed eyes of some people), Nativism emerges as an ideological current that acts as a root for xenophobia
The argument of nativism is the protection and “preservation” of the cultural identity of a nation, despising and rejecting openness to the foreign.
Many researchers highlight the lack of awareness that, in most places, but especially those where nativism is strongest, societies are plural and have very varied origins. It is often impossible to define which culture has predominated throughout history in a place because the most normal thing is that the land has passed through the hands of many different cultures. Therefore, closing the door on diversity seems like a stupid argument.
In the midst of a geopolitical and cultural situation characterized by debates on immigration, national identity and diversity, it is crucial to understand the implications and consequences of the ideology of nativism. It is important to develop a critical sense about politics and about these ideologies that are based on the rejection of other people and groups in order to know how to detect exclusive discourses and become aware of how to avoid them.
Throughout this article, we will understand how nativism contributes to social polarization, promoting the appearance of exclusive and xenophobic discourses We will seek to explore the political, economic and social consequences of nativism on our societies and cultures to understand how we can stay away from and protect ourselves from these discourses.
Origins and foundations of nativism
As we have mentioned, the basis of nativism focuses on the feeling of belonging to a nation, ethnicity or culture, which leads its followers to defend their traditions and ways of life against changes perceived as threats. This ideology can take different forms, from nationalist positions that seek to protect sovereignty and cultural homogeneity to xenophobic movements that promote the exclusion and discrimination of immigrants.
Nativism can trace its roots to different time periods, usually centered throughout the 15th and 18th centuries, and characteristically linked to the colonization of America and the United States by Europeans assuming the conquest and, generally, the confinement of native populations in indigenous reserves.
1. European colonization of the United States
The colonization of the United States is considered the historical process from the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors to America at the hands of Christopher Columbus until the end of the 18th century with the founding of the Thirteen British Colonies that achieved their political independence from the British crown in the year 1776. Throughout this period, a fight to conquer the American territories included more than 10 nations
When talking about these processes, emphasis is placed on British independence and the establishment of the country of the United States that we know today, but what happened to the native people of the territory? The majority were murdered or imprisoned in indigenous reserves. Actually, these Americans who settled in these lands, despite now considering themselves natives of the place, would not be natives either according to the most etymological sense of the word. For this reason, thinkers like Jared Diamond show that all Americans are either immigrants or descendants of immigrants.
2. Current situation
In recent years, it seems that the debate on nativism and the cultural identity of a place has been significantly reactivated, giving more value to “native” people than to people from outside. This It is strongly related to the European migration crisis and the worrying increase in far-right ideological currents.
Social polarization and nativism
Nativism, as an ideology that claims to seek the protection of cultural and national identity, can have a significant impact on social polarization. As societies become more diverse due to migration and globalization, cultural differences and values emerge that can fuel fear and distrust of others. In this sense, Nativism can contribute to the emergence of polarizing discourses that exacerbate divisions in society
1. Immigration
One of the main sources of polarization associated with nativism is the issue of immigration. Nativist movements often propose restrictive immigration policies, which can cause tensions between local citizens and migrant communities. The perception that immigrants “steal” jobs or social benefits It can lead to the formation of hostile attitudes and prejudices towards those who come from other cultures or countries.
Furthermore, nativism tends to emphasize cultural homogeneity and the preservation of ancestral traditions, which can lead to resistance or rejection of new cultural expressions and diversity of beliefs. This can generate an atmosphere of intolerance towards ethnic and religious minorities making integration and coexistence in an increasingly multicultural society difficult.
3. Exclusionary policies
In the political sphere, nativism can also polarize public debate, leading to the formation of parties or movements with extreme and exclusive positions. These groups can exploit the fear and anxiety of the population to gain support, which in turn can increase tensions between different sectors of society.
It is important to recognize that social polarization is not an inevitable consequence of nativism, and that its impact may vary depending on the political and social context of each country. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential negative consequences and work towards constructive dialogue that fosters understanding and respect between different communities and perspectives.
To address the social polarization associated with nativism, it is necessary to promote education and empathy Understanding cultural diversity and promoting inclusive dialogue can help build bridges between different social groups and reduce tensions. Likewise, it is the responsibility of political leaders and society as a whole to promote policies that promote inclusion and respect for human rights, avoiding hate speech and discrimination.
Impact on human rights and diversity
Nativism can have serious implications for respect for human rights and the promotion of diversity. When this ideology becomes a dominant force in politics and society, it risks displacing the fundamental principles of equality, non-discrimination and freedom, generating situations of exclusion and marginalization.
1. Immigration policies
One of the main areas where nativism can affect human rights is in immigration policy. Restrictive immigration policies based on this ideology can lead to the detention and deportation of people seeking refuge or a better life, denying them access to decent living conditions and the protection of their fundamental rights. The separation of families, the detention of migrant children, and poor conditions in detention centers are alarming examples of the human rights consequences of nativism.
Furthermore, nativism can generate a climate of intolerance towards ethnic, religious or cultural minorities present in a society. Discourses that emphasize the superiority of native culture or identity can lead to acts of discrimination, violence, or persecution against those who do not fit into this category. Freedom of religion, freedom of expression and other fundamental rights can be threatened when diversity is devalued and disregarded.
3. Social exclusion
Likewise, nativism can have a negative impact on social inclusion. When people of foreign origin or cultural minorities feel that they are not welcome or that they face obstacles to fully participating in society, there is a risk of creating ghettos or isolated communities. This can weaken the social fabric and generate tensions between different groups affecting the peaceful coexistence and harmonious development of a society.
The importance of deconstructing nativism
To counter the negative impact of nativism on human rights and diversity, it is essential to promote a culture of respect, tolerance and inclusion. Policies and laws must be in line with the principles of equality and non-discrimination, guaranteeing access to rights and opportunities for all people, regardless of their origin or culture. Political leaders and influential figures must advocate for respect for diversity and the promotion of respectful and harmonious coexistence between all members of society.
Besides, Education plays a crucial role in changing attitudes and perceptions Fostering understanding and respect for different cultures and traditions from an early age can help build more inclusive and open societies. It is also important to create spaces for intercultural dialogue that allow people to share their experiences and knowledge, enriching mutual understanding and promoting empathy.
In conclusion, nativism can have a significant impact on human rights and diversity, threatening equality, inclusion and peaceful coexistence. To build more just and respectful societies, it is essential to resist the temptation of nativism and promote an approach based on respect, tolerance and appreciation of cultural diversity. Only in this way can we build a future where human rights are respected and where all people can participate fully in the social, political and economic life of their communities.
