Communication Factors in Everyday Life

The human being is defined by its sociability statusand if it is sociable it is because it can communicate, that is, to exchange their thoughts and emotions, and on the other its creations and experiences. These are due to the best human achievements. “When communicating with thoughts and emotions people live and express themselves, and when the object of communication is their creations and experiences, both individuals or groups progress and enrich themselves culturally” (Gómez Delgado, T.; 1998).

The communication is a necessary condition for the existence of man and one of the most important factors of his social development. J. C Casales. (1989), states that being one of the significant aspects of any type of human activity, as well as the condition of the development of individuality, communication reflects the objective need of human beings of mutual association and cooperation. In this psychology-online article we will offer you a study on the communication factors in everyday life.

What is daily communication

What is true, is the fact that communicate constitutes the foundation of all social life. It is a process that puts two or more people in psychological contact and functions as an organizing time and as a scenario of expression of subjectivity in which meanings and senses of concrete subjects are exchanged by building individuality and knowledge of the world. In the words of Morales Álvarez “society as an objective reality becomes a subjective reality when the individual internalizes in his conscience and assumes as his own social world produced by man, objectified in meanings of language, as external to him” (Morales Álvarez, J. and Cortés, MT, 1997, P-46).

For Wilbur Schramm, one of the basic principles of the general theory of communication is that “the signs can only have the meaning that the individual’s experience allows you to read in them” (Schramm, 1972, p.17) since We can only interpret a message depending on the signs that we have learned to attribute them, which constitutes a referential framework based on which a subject, or a group of them can communicate.

Communication, in the historical-cultural school, was worked as a fundamental category from the work of Lsvigotsky about the upper psychic functions, who stood out as these do not respond to the line of biological evolution, but are the result of the result of the assimilation of culture products, which occurs only from contact between men. In this sense, it is also to highlight the idea of ​​Lsvigotsky about the interpsychological origin of everything psychic, that is, as each psychic function and personality in general, it is generated as inter-psychological processes and then internalize.

During the communication process, the subjects involved are influenced mutually, that is, they interact their subjectivities through the processes of outsourcing and internalization. United to this, there is a redefinition and configuration of subjectivity, where reality comes through the other.

Principles and functions of language in everyday life

Communication must be studied as a multidimensional and polypunctional process. In correspondence with this premise Lomov raises the need to address it from three levels of analysis in relation to its structure: macronivel, mesonivel, micronivel.

Elements of communication

Generally, when we talk about the elements of communication, we refer to Issuer, message, receiver, context, channel and code. However, we can also analyze the communicative act through other study prisms.

Regardless of the implicit value of Lomov studies about the 3 levels of analysis in the structure to which reference has been made, I agree with what is proposed by Andreieva, GM (1984, P-85) in this regard when it addresses 3 elements or communication factors in everyday life interwoven indissolubly:

• Communicative aspect: which is nothing more than the exchange of information, ideas, criteria among communication participants.
• Interactive aspect: which refers to the exchange of aid, cooperation in communication, activity planning actions.
• Perceptual appearance: which refers to the process of perception of communicators, how both are perceived in the communication process, on which understanding and effectiveness in communicative exchange will depend.

These three aspects in turn identify with three fundamental functions of communication that are:

• Informative function: which includes the process of transmission and reception of information, but seeing it as an interrelation process. Through it the individual appropriates the historical-social experience of humanity.
• Affective-value function: which is very important in the framework of the emotional stability of the subjects and their personal fulfillment. Through this function, man forms an image of himself and others.
• Regulatory function: through which the feedback that takes place throughout the communicative process is achieved, which serves for each participant to know the effect caused by their message and so that it can evaluate itself.

The forms and content of the communication are determined by the social functions of the people who enter it, by their position in the system of social relations and their belonging to one or another community or group; They are regulated by the factors related to production, exchange and consumption, as well as by traditions, moral, legal and institutional norms and social services.

How important is communication in everyday life?

Because The communication process It is the one that allows people to relate, to be linked through the different activities and spheres that encompass everyday life, it is necessary to pay special attention to how to develop skills that enhance this human capacity.

We would have to leave for it, what would be the conditions, around this process, that facilitate and encourage their effectiveness. First, I would like to refer to the need to create a favorable psychological climate, security, trust, positivity, empathy, among other factors. When I speak of the creation of climate, it is necessary to orient himself in the other understanding and showing that understanding, putting in his place and accepting it, showing himself sincere, allowing total expression without offenses or aggressiveness. In essence it is estimating the other, respecting your right to express your feelings.

The importance of the message receiver

One of the most important communication factors in the daily life is the receiver. It is also essential as another essential element of interpersonal communication. listening capacity and skills properly developed in the participants of the communicative process.

The possibility of a true dialogue, learning and change depends on the fact that there is a high capacity to provide data to affirm what is thought, with an equally high capacity to be willing to listen Then, and get to modify any necessary idea.

Knowing how to listen is a skill that reports substantial rewards: increase in production and understanding, renewed work capacity and increased efficacy, reduction of loss of time and materials. By becoming more aware of the listening process, the individual becomes more reliable and manages to establish good relationships, while learning to recognize the true purpose that underlies the messages of others.

Communication and assertiveness

The assertiveness is a fundamental ability for the establishment of interpersonal relationships. When we talk about learning to be assertive, I mean promoting the development of skills that will allow us to be direct, honest and expressive people in our communications; In addition to being safe, self-respect and having the ability to make others valuable. There is an element here that cannot be missing, you must always try to find a “win – win” solution, that is, you must direct the communicative act in a sense that benefits the participants of the same.

According to Predvechni (1986), not only these elements are necessary; but also the person must plan language, content, means to transmit it and know how to feed. Another author, Bert Decker (1981), highlights issues related to voice, posture, etc.

Naturalness is a strategy of great value, Because this is a resource that allows you to cause impressions or emphasize something, so that it is assumed by the interlocutor as true, authentic.

Communication examples in everyday life

There are categorical opinions such as Hernández Aristu (1992) when he states: “Any communicative act, if it is authentic, implies a synchronous process of unmasking, revealing the objective, normative, intersubjective and linguistic reality. At the same time it is a free of external pressures that arise from power and dominance relations, from institutional, personal, explicit or undercover interests. It also implies a release of pressures, internal automatisms, fears, inhibitions, etc.

The communicative intention

The communicative act is the result of intersubjective consensus, of the symmetry of the relationship between the interlocutors, in which the force, if it exists, is none other than that of the rational discourse. These communicative acts are therefore acts of emancipation (Hernández Aristu, 1992)

The reciprocal relationship of the parties with respect to the object of the dialog Positive relationship of the parties, while it is a condition for the contradiction in the plane of the object of the conversation to be resolved jointly.

These communicative strategies are based on a cooperative position and that guide the act of communicating towards expression and understanding mutual for the search for joint solutions, of the tasks that gave rise to the establishment of communication.

Through them, an advance in the communicative process is achieved, both subjective and objective, which is experienced by both participants. When a person addresses another through language seeking mutual understanding and effective communication, it is presupposed reciprocally, what each one says:

• Responds to reality; It is true.
• That what they say fits social norms and are justified, that is, what they say is justified.
• That when speaking they do it with Sincerity and truthfulnessthat do not intend to deceive.
• What they say is understandable, intelligible to both.

Communicative barriers in daily life

Several authors agree to classify barriers into two large groups or levels:

• The first, at the sociological levelthey have their basis in objective social causes, due to the membership of the participants to different social groups, which causes philosophical, ideological, religious, cultural, different conceptions that cause the lack of a unique conception of the communication situation.
• The latter, at the psychological levelthey arise as a consequence of the psychological particularities of which they communicate (character, temperament, interest, domain of communicative skills) or cause of the psychological particularities that have been formed among the members (hostility, distrust, rivalry) that may have arisen not only for the combination of the personological characteristics of each one but also by circumstantial factors that have placed them in contradictory or riviting positions according to the situation in which they are found (Wars, struggle of opposites for an object or subject in which the gain of one means the loss of the other) (Darcout, A., 1993).

Other authors classify them in:

• Materials
• Cognitive
• Socio-psychological

The materials occur when communication is global, massive or is aimed at least a considerable number of people; They occur before the objective lack of resources or communication goods and are defining in the transmission of messages (mass media: television, radio, press; microphones, high speaker). But these barriers are easily detectable and therefore its elimination does not constitute an insoluble problem.

The cognitive are more complex and refer to the level of knowledge that the one who listens to what we intend to communicate has. Finally, socio-psychological ones, are the most difficult to defeat and are determined by the subject’s referential scheme; Some ideas are not valid or oppose directly or indirectly to what has accepted the one who receives the information so these ideas block any communicative level.

Rogers, C. states that the biggest barrier that opposes intercommunication is our natural tendency to judge, evaluate, approve (or disapprove) the judgments of other people (Almenares, M., 1993). The most widespread classification is the one that establishes:

• Physical barriers: Inferences of communication that arise in the environment in which such communication takes place. A typical physical barrier is the distraction by a type of noise that significantly obstructs the voice of the message, others can be those that mediate among people (distances, walls, objects that hinder visual contact).
• Semantic barriers: These arise from the limitations in the symbols with which we generally communicate the symbols are as a variety to choose among many, sometimes we choose the wrong meaning and poor communication occurs.
• Personal barriers: They are inferences of communication that arise from human emotions, values ​​and bad listening habits. They are commonly presented in work situations. We have all experienced the way in which our personal feelings can limit our communication with other people, these situations occur at work, as well as in our private life.

To make a successful definition of this phenomenon, it would call restrictive communication strategy to the conscious way of directing and conduct . These deal with non -cooperative positions in which the orientation in itself predominates above the task and the other, and whose purposes are directed to prevail in the relationship at all costs.

Examples of barriers in daily communication

• There is egocentric people that tend to speak only of themselves, so it is impossible for them to understand the other, it does not even let him express himself. Others, on the contrary, remain so quiet that they remain out of communication.
• Use humorism Too often, it can make the interlocutor consider that it devalue what he is telling him, generating discomfort and constituting a true communicative barrier.
• Also attitudes of superiority, Loaded with mimicry and other extraverbal signals, it prevents process participants from feeling in collaborative equality and can exchange for the benefit of the other.
• The Hurry, lack of attention, Of consideration, they make the person give little interest to those who speak, withdrawing importance and interest to what he expresses. Obviously, the communication process in any of these cases is not effective.
• I can’t stop mentioning the rigid attitudes As common mistakes in communication, because their own opinions, in this case, would be the only just and indisputable, preventing and hindering the exchange, understanding; Anyway, interaction.

How communication influences everyday life

Starting from the idea that it is not only important to have communicative skills, but to know what the barriers are due to the frequent use we make of them, their consequences that truly prevent positive exchanges, developers for the people involved in the process; And that, in addition, they are repeated again and again automating in our daily behavior.

Therefore, I suggest at this time, that you reflect on the ideas presented here, and that is exercised based on being a good communicator, for the benefit and those that surround him in his daily life. If you are interested in improving your communicative skills, I recommend reading the following article on techniques for effective communication.

This article is merely informative, in Psychology For we have no power to make a diagnosis or recommend a treatment. We invite you to go to a psychologist to treat your particular case.

If you want to read more articles similar to Communication factors in everyday life we recommend that you enter our category of social psychology.

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